How we source and weigh the research
Every compound page cites specific studies, not general claims. This page explains where those citations come from, how we weigh them against each other, and what we do when the evidence for something is thin.
Where citations come from
Citations link directly to PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) or the original peer-reviewed journal. Every PMID on this site resolves to a real, verifiable paper. We do not invent citations, and we do not cite a study we haven’t actually read.
How we weigh evidence
Not all evidence carries the same weight, and we don’t present it as if it does. In rough order of how much confidence we put in it:
- Human clinical data
Randomized trials, controlled studies, and published case series in humans. The strongest tier we cite, and still often limited for research peptides: most have thin human data, which the compound page says plainly rather than papering over.
- Preclinical / animal models
Rodent and other animal studies. Useful for mechanism and safety signal, not a substitute for human data. A mechanism that holds in a rat model doesn’t guarantee the same effect size, or the same effect at all, in a person.
- In vitro / mechanistic only
Cell-culture or receptor-binding studies. Tells us how something plausibly works, not whether it works at a given dose in a living body. Cited to support a mechanism section, not as evidence of an outcome.
When the evidence is thin
Two things happen, depending on how thin. If a compound has real evidence but real limits, the page says so directly. The SNAP-8 entry is a live example: no peer-reviewed study tests SNAP-8 in isolation, the two citations on that page are multi-ingredient formulations where SNAP-8 is one of several actives, and the page states outright that the effect can’t be attributed to SNAP-8 specifically.
If a compound has no real independent literature at all, meaning nothing beyond mirrored vendor marketing copy, we don’t publish a page for it rather than dress up marketing claims as research.
Authorship and review
Every compound page is written and reviewed by the Stackhaus Academy Editorial Team, with a last reviewed date shown at the bottom of each page. This page describes editorial and sourcing practice, not medical guidance; see the disclaimer for that.
This page is educational reference material, not medical advice. It does not establish a doctor-patient relationship and is not a substitute for individualized clinical guidance. Personalized protocols and clinical decisions are made through a licensed provider via Stackhaus Health.